Penaeus vannamei has many advantages, such as fast growth rate, short breeding cycle, strong antiviral ability, suitable high temperature, low dissolved oxygen, low feed protein content and high economic value. Chengwu County, with the help of the Municipal Bureau of Aquatic Products in May 2007, introduced the famous white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, in a better-quality pond. One of the standard ponds with a 10-mu acre in the Dangji Township Kiln was carefully instructed and carefully fed by technicians. It was accepted by the clear pond during the Mid-Autumn Festival and a total of 3,526 kg of shrimp was harvested. As soon as the shrimp became a pond, it was in short supply, and all were sold to the wholesale market of aquatic products in Zhengzhou. The pool price reached 45 yuan/kg, which was 3 times higher than that of conventional varieties. Good benefits have boosted the enthusiasm of farming in the neighboring Sili Township. In 2008, 8 households in Zhanglou Township and Tiangong Town started the cultivation of white shrimps in South America, with a total area of ​​200 acres. Penaeus vannamei cultivation has begun to take shape in Chengwu County, and farmers from neighboring counties and cities have also come to visit and learn from it. Now, combining the production practice, we will discuss the pond culture technology of South American white prawn and the aquaculture enthusiasts.
I. Selection of aquaculture ponds and facilities
1. New intensive intensive shrimp ponds, covering an area of ​​5 to 10 mu, with water depth of 2-3m. The pool has a square structure.
2, regardless of intensive care. Or semi-intensive education, according to the requirements of the layout of scientific management, according to local conditions to determine the location of the reservoir, area and access to water. The total area of ​​the reservoir should be 1/2 to 1/3 of the total culture pond. It is forbidden to stock other cultured species in the reservoir to ensure the storage effect.
3, according to design requirements strictly equipped with aerator, aerator generally choose impeller or waterwheel type. Intensive pools per acre press O. 5-1kw equipped, in the pool slope 5 to 10m arranged in a ring, so that the pool can form a circulation; semi-intensive pool every 3-4 acres with 1kW, scientific settings to ensure that the effect of oxygen. At the same time, ensure that the distribution equipment and generator sets are fully equipped.
Second, preparation of shrimp before stocking
l. Aquaculture ponds should be strictly sanitized and eradicated. Qingchi is carried out together with new or modified shrimp ponds. First of all, the bottom of the pool completely cleared out of the pool of pollution, should not be pushed to the dam slope park, during the breeding period and heap pool, halfway waste. One month prior to planting, use quicklime 100-150kg/mu or use available chlorine. 30% bleach 50 to 60ppm, the whole pool evenly spilled. The new shrimp pond can be sterilized by half.
2, reservoir water, and Quanchi disinfection. Prior to dredging and disinfecting the pond, fill the reservoir with water and use a bleaching agent containing not less than 30% of available chlorine. Disinfect the whole body with 30ppm, kill all germs and algae, and use it after the drug disappears.
3, aquaculture pond water, basic biological food cultivation. After 2-3 days of the dredging of the shrimp ponds, water was continuously fed from the reservoir twice, and the bottom of the pool was completely flushed to remove drug residues. Then water 60-70cm, fertilizer and water. Fertilizer method: Newly constructed shrimp pond Mushi Fermented chicken manure 15-20kg, followed by superphosphate and ammonium bicarbonate 2kg and 1kg respectively; the modified old shrimp pond can halve the use of chicken manure. After the fattening, the water color is preferably light yellowish brown or light yellowish green, and the transparency is 30-40 cm. With fertilizer and water, fresh water is gradually added to the breeding ponds, and fertilizers are maintained at an ideal level to maintain the desired water color. The water is added to about 1 m, and no water is added to prepare for seedlings.
Third, shrimp selection, holding and delivery
1. The selection of healthy and healthy virus-free shrimp is the key to ensuring the success of shrimp farming. Shrimp seedlings that have not been rigorously tested should not be stocked.
2, seedling pool out of seedlings specifications 6-8mm, pool water temperature above 20 °C, natural food enough, can be put directly into seedlings, can also be cultivated through the intermediate holding. Intermediate holdings can be set up in the middle of the cultivation pool, but also in the corner of the rearing pool with a 40-mesh screen to form a certain area for holding. It is advisable to raise the density of 200,000 to 300,000 tails/mu, and grow the body to 2-3cm in size.
3, the density of seedlings should be determined according to different culture conditions. The design yield per mu is 100-150kg, and it is advisable to put the temporary raising seedlings at 115,000/mu. Excellent breeding conditions can increase the density of seedlings.
4. The suitable temperature range of P. vannamei is very wide, but the adaptability of seedlings to mutation from high temperature to low temperature is weak. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the water temperature and salinity in advance so that the conditions of the nursery ponds are basically the same as those of the holding ponds or aquaculture ponds. When the seedlings are released, the temperature difference cannot exceed 5°C, and it is better to control within 2°C.
5, when the seedlings are released, choose the wind and warm day, the water temperature is higher than 19°C, and before and after noon, slowly put the shrimp seedlings into the pool water.
IV. Cultivation management
1, water quality management
During the growing period, the physical and chemical factors and biological factors of pool water and sediment should be monitored regularly, and indicators with rapid changes should be monitored daily. The standard of continental water quality during the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei is as follows: Water temperature: appropriate temperature is 15–37°C, and optimal temperature is 19–33°C. pH: The most suitable 7.6-8_3, 7.3-8.6 can grow within the same range. Dissolved oxygen: not less than 3mg/L. Ammonia: 0.2mg/L or less. The bottom of the pool hydrogen sulfide: not more than O. 1mg/L. The topsoil organic content of the bottom of the pool: no more than 5mg/L. Transparency: 30 to 45cm. The water color should be determined according to the difference of the dominant populations. The ideal water color is generally diatoms, which is light brown; the green algae is the main, and the light green; the two are combined and reflected as different shades of yellow. green.
(1) Pre-cultivation (basic bio-feeding before 6cm, maintaining the relative stability of the bio-community in the pond is the core of water quality management in the early development period. Therefore, timely fertilization and new water addition should be based on changes in water color and biomass. Generally do not change the water.Normal weather once a week, each dose of 1-2ppm.Farming generally in the morning when the temperature is high, first open with freshwater, stir the fertilizer, and then spread the whole pool evenly.To facilitate the sun Projected into the pool to promote the growth and reproduction of basic food organisms. The pool water should be added slowly, and the appropriate transparency and water temperature can be maintained. At this stage, daily water quality indicators such as biomass and dissolved oxygen and pH should be measured to make it Stable within the norm.
(2) In the middle of growing period (6-lOcm), as the water temperature rises, the amount of feed increases, the organic matter in the water increases, and the phytoplankton blooms vigorously. Some zooplankton and protozoa that can't feed the shrimp will incur flooding. Dissolved oxygen in the pool. At this time, a small amount of small-scale fish (such as squid) that feed on small scale plankton should be put in time to achieve the purpose of improving water quality. At this stage, important water quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide must be monitored twice a day, two times a day.
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