Recently, the research team of the Research Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that the insulin signaling pathway regulates the adaptation process of the planthopper to hypoxia. The study was published in Nature-Communication.
Both biology and humans may face hypoxia stress. Both organisms and humans living on high altitudes or special environments have developed a range of strategies to adapt to low-oxygen environments, such as increasing oxygen transport efficiency or enhancing oxygen utilization efficiency. Tumor cells also cause localized hypoxia. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and stress response factor (NF-kB) are involved in bio-hypoxic stress and adaptation processes.
The locust is the most widely distributed insect in the world, forming a specific population on the Tibetan Plateau, which differentiated from the plain population about 90,000 years ago. The size of the Tibetan locust is significantly smaller, forming a stable population in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley. The recreational research team found through whole genome sequencing that a phosphatase (PTP1B)-encoding gene PTPN1, which inhibits insulin receptor activity, mutated in plateau populations and showed positive selection effects. The enzyme inhibits the biochemical processes of the insulin pathway by dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor.
The activity of the enzyme is enhanced after the hypoxia treatment of the plain planthopper, thereby enhancing the inhibition of the insulin pathway, thereby generating a hypoxia stress response. On the contrary, the mutation of the enzyme protein in the Tibetan planthopper can cause the individual to maintain a relatively stable activity of the insulin pathway, so that the glucose metabolism is maintained at a normal level, thereby adapting to the hypoxia state of the plateau. This inspires us to cope with hypoxic stress responses and to overcome altitude sickness by adjusting blood glucose utilization and metabolism. This study also provides reference and reference for hypoxia-related diseases such as insulin resistance caused by obesity, treatment of type 2 diabetes, and chemotherapy treatment of tumors.
Source: Chinese Journal of Science
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