By gene therapy, the delicate hair cells of the inner ear were regenerated. For the first time, scientists successfully restored part of the auditory sense in mammals. If this result can be repeated, it will open up a new path for the treatment of certain deafness. The hair cells of the mammalian inner ear die due to excessive noise, autoimmune attack, toxins, or aging. The damage caused is permanent—these cells will no longer grow. Birds and reptiles are more fortunate, and damaged hair cells will regenerate and normalize hearing. Scientists have been trying hard to make mammals have the same ability. Recent studies have shown that rat hair cells regenerate under the action of specific genes, at least in culture dishes. On this basis, Yehoash Raphael and colleagues at the University of Michigan have developed a virus that contains a developmental gene called Atoh1 that allows hair cells to differentiate. To test whether this gene could regenerate adult animal hair cells, the team used toxins to kill the guinea pig's hair cells, making it completely deaf. The above virus was then injected into the left ear of the guinea pig. Two months later, the right ear of these guinea pigs was still paralyzed, and hearing in the left ear was restored. There was hair cell regeneration in the inner ear. Relevant papers were published in the online version of the journal Nature Medicine. Raphael said that the recovery of guinea pigs' hearing is far from normal. The outer ear hair cells that help filter out different sounds are not regenerated, so “the sounds they hear must be distorted.” According to Jeffrey Corwin of the University of Virginia, “These results are extraordinary”. However, he warned that the inner ear hair cells are notoriously difficult to detect. In the above experiments, the toxins damaged the hair cells but did not completely kill them. However, he said, "If this outcome is correct and expandable, it will be very important."

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