Atractylodes macrocephala is a dry root of Atractylodes macrocephala, also known as surgery, Zhejiang, winter surgery and so on. With spleen and stomach, dampness, water, antiperspirant and fetal function. It is mainly cultivated in more than 20 provinces including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan, Anhui, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan and Fujian. (-) Morphological characteristics 1. Plant 2, tuberous root 3, inflorescence 4, flower cut reveals stamen perennial herb, plant height 30-80 cm. The rhizomes are thick, slightly box-shaped, gray-yellow, stems erect, and the bases are lignified. The leaves are alternate, the lower leaves of the stems are long-stemmed, and the leaves 3 are deeply or deeply pinnately 5-lobed, and the margins are spiky; the petioles in the upper stem become shorter, the leaves do not divide, and are oval or ovate-lanceolate. The heads are solitary on the branches and are large in size; the total sepals are 7-8-layers, the base is surrounded by a round pinnate lobe, and the flowers are mostly born on flat receptacles, all tubular flowers. , Corolla purple; stamens 5, polypharmaceutical, anther linear; pistil 1, ovary inferior. Achene oblong-elliptic, slightly flat, surface tomentose, crown hairy. Flowering from July to September, fruiting from September to November. (B) growth habits Atractylodes Hi-cool climate, afraid of high temperature and humidity, the roots of the appropriate temperature for the growth of 26-28 °C, from mid-August to late September is the fastest period of rhizome enlargement. The seeds are easy to germinate, the germination temperature is about 20°C, and more water is needed. Generally, the water absorption is 3-4 times of the seed weight. Seed life is 1 year. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. Soil selection, site preparation and nursery sites should be selected for general fertility, good drainage, high dryness, and a cool, ventilated and sandy soil. Use 2,000 kg of fertilizer per acre as a basal fertilizer, deep-dip a 20 cm thick, and make a smooth, thin 1-1.2 m wide cloth. plot. Daejeon should choose fertile, ventilated, cool, well-drained sandy soil, avoid continuous cropping. After harvesting, 4000 kg of fertilizer was applied per acre, and 50 kg of superphosphate was used as a base fertilizer. Deeply turn 20 cm deep and make a width of 1.5-1.5 m. 2. The propagation method uses seeds for propagation, and production mainly uses seedling transplanting methods. (1) Seedlings Choose a new species full of grain and no pests, soak in warm water at 25-30°C for 24 hours and remove the germination. Sow from late March to early April. Drill or broadcast. Before sowing, first spray water on the rake, until the water seepage on the table is slightly dry, according to the spacing of 15 cm, sowing the ditch, ditch depth 4-6 cm, broadcast amplitude 7-9 cm, the bottom of the ditch should be flat, after the cover soil Block, slightly suppress, pour water once more. About 4 kg per acre. If sowing seeds are to be sown, they shall be soaked with the seeds evenly, and then covered with shallow soil. About 5-7 kg will be planted per acre. About 15 days after sowing, seedlings emerged. Before the winter transplanting, about 400 kilograms of fresh herbs can be cultivated per acre. (2) Transplanting in the winter can be transplanted in the same year. The planting will not shoot and flower in the year. The main buds are strong, the roots and stems are small and neat, and the apricot nucleus is better. Cut fibrous roots, and drill a groove with a depth of 25 cm and a depth of 10 cm. Place the plant within 15 cm of the distance between the rows of plants, with the bud tip pointing upwards and level with the ground. After the planting, the two sides were slightly repressed. After all the plants were planted, they were poured one more time. Generally, 50-60 kilograms of fresh herbs are needed per acre. 3. Field management (1) Field management After the seedlings are excavated, weeds should be promptly weeded and the seedlings should be 4-6 cm in spacing. If the weather is dry, grass can be planted between the plants to reduce water evaporation. In areas where conditions permit, water and drought can be watered in the morning and evening. If the leaves are found late in growth, they should be removed promptly. (2) The field seedlings were unearthed till May. There were numerous weeds in the field, and weeding and weeding had to be carried out. The first few cultivators could be deeper, and they should be shallow afterwards. After mid-May, the plants enter into a vigorous growth period and are generally no longer cultivated. Weeds can be removed by hand between the plants. The buds began to sprout in mid-June. In general, the buds were removed in batches from the buds to the flowering buds in early and mid July. Picking buds helps to improve the yield and quality of Atractylodes macrocephala. During the growth period of Atractylodes macrocephala, sufficient water is needed, especially for roots, which require more water. In case of drought, it should be watered and irrigated in time. If water accumulates after rain, it should be drained in time. Before and after budding, it can be topdressed once, applying 20 kg of urea and 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu between the rows, and applying soil and water after application. One week after budding, 1 additional dressing may be performed. It should be noted that field operations such as weeding, ripping, fertilizing, and picking should be performed after the dew has dried. 4. Pest and pest control Atractylodes pests are more common are the following. (1) Bacterial blight is prone to low temperature and high humidity, which occurs in the field of planting and damages the roots. Control methods: reduce the humidity in the field; at the early stage of disease, water with 50% carbendazim 1000 times. (2) Iron leaf disease, also known as leaf blight. It began in April and was particularly heavy from June to August, damaging the leaves. Control methods: removal of diseased plants; 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture at the early onset and 50% thiophanate- and carbendazim 1000-times solution on the late stage. (3) Bletillariasis is also known as root rot. The onset of disease is the same as above and it is a root disease. Control methods: Crop rotation with grass crops; removal of diseased plants, and disinfection of diseased spots with quicklime powder; soil disinfection with T. harzianum before planting. (4) Root rot, also known as rot disease. The onset period is the same as above, especially when the humidity is high, and the roots are harmed. Control methods: Breeding disease-resistant varieties; rotation with grass crops, or crop rotation; 50% carbendazim 1000 times before sowing to soak seeds for 5-10 minutes; 50% carbendazim or 50% methyl in the early stage of disease Topozin 1000 times watering the ward. In areas where the soil pests are severely damaged, they can be watered with l000-1500 times liquid dimethoate or 800 times liquid trichlorfon. (5) Rust originated in May and damaged the leaves. Control methods: clean the garden; early onset with 25% Triadimefon 1000 times spray. (6) The seedlings begin to attack at the early stage of flowering and are harmful to the seed. Prevention and control methods, deep frozen sorghum; crop rotation; early flowering with 80% dichlorvos 800 times spray. In addition, there are sclerotinia, mosaic disease, aphids, root-knot nematodes, southern dodder seed, small tiger and so on. (D) Harvesting and processing During the period from late October to mid-November, when the stems and leaves of Atractylodes macrocephala begin to wither, the rootstock is cut out and the stem is cut off. In winter, the temperature is low, it is difficult to dry, and it is often dried. In the early days, the firepower may be slightly higher, and the temperature may be controlled between 90-100°C. When water vapor appears, cool down to 60-70°C, turn it up and down 2-3 hours, bake for another 2-3 hours, take out the stuffy heap “sweat” for 5-6 days when the roots are dry, make the internal water seep to the surface, and then Bake for 5-6 hours, at this time the temperature is controlled between 50-60 °C, 2-3 hours turning 1, bake to 80% dry, remove and boring heap "sweat" 7-10 days, and then dry until, Remove stumps and roots. The product is preferably large and thick, without high stems, no roots, and no insects. (5) Seed-retaining techniques Atractylodes lucidum can be divided into strain selection and chip selection. The former can increase seed purity. Usually in July-August, the plants were selected as robust, small branches, large leaves, and flat buds. Remove buds that are opened late or early, and leave 5-6 buds for each plant. Harvested seeds in mid-November. Select the sunny days to cut the plants and cut the underground rhizomes, bundle the tops of the ground into small handles, hang them upside down and let them dry for 20 to 30 days, then dry them back for a day or two, threshing, raising the hairs and picking the seeds, and put them in cloth bags or Inside the sack, hang it in a cool and ventilated place for storage. Note that the seeds of Atractylodes macrocephala can't be sun-dried, otherwise it will reduce the germination rate

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