Chemical fertilizers are mostly composed of various kinds of salts. Therefore, when long-term and large-scale application of these chemical fertilizers composed of salts, after entering the soil, the concentration of salt in the soil solution is increased to produce osmotic pressures of different sizes. The cells not only can not absorb water from the soil solution, but will pour the water in the cytoplasm into the soil solution, which will cause crop damage, which is commonly referred to as "burning seedlings" or salt damage.

When the applied amount of different fertilizers is the same, they cause different increases in osmotic pressure in the soil solution, and the degree of damage to the crops is also different. Sodium nitrate has the strongest osmotic pressure after being applied to the soil; followed by potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and monoammonium phosphate; phosphate fertilizer is the worst.

Urea is applied to the soil, first hydrolyzed to ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate, and then further decomposed NH3; ammonium bicarbonate is directly decomposed into NH3 when it is applied to the soil, and NH3 is excessively produced, especially in the lime. In the soil, it is easy to damage seeds, seedlings or roots.

In the calcareous soil in northern China, a large area of ​​NH3 caused by urea and ammonium bicarbonate has caused a serious shortage of seedlings and broken strips. In the case of hot weather, topdressing with urea and ammonium bicarbonate, or topdressing with water droplets on the foliage of the crop may burn the leaves of the crop. Therefore, ammonium bicarbonate should not be used as top dressing after the crops are sealed or rained in high temperature seasons.

Urea contains biuret, which is too high and often damages crops, especially when fertilized on the foliage or applied near the seeds. When foliar fertilizer is used, the content of biuret in urea is preferably less than 0.25%.

Biuret poisoning is characterized by yellowing of the leaves, and sometimes rice seedlings appear whitening. The leaves of the corn leaves are chlorotic, the growth is short, and the leaves are not stretched. Biuret can be decomposed by microorganisms in the soil, so as long as there is a certain distance from the crop seeds when urea is applied, it generally does not cause harm.

This article URL: Chemical fertilizers should not be used for long-term excessive application of biuret-containing fertilizers

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